Reasoning

Unit. 3- Classification

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14 Feb

Classification refers to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood.

There are three types of Classifications basically asked in the examination.

i) Numeric Based
ii) Alphabet Based
iii) General Intelligence

I) Numeric Type:
All questions are based on numeric term. In this case, basic questions are given about number (prime, even or odd number, composite number), square of the number or a cube of the number, multiplication or division. Four of the same will be based on the above pattern but one of them will not belong to that and the same will be the answer. For e.g.:

Given are five alternative but four of the following and five are alike in a certain way, hence form a group which one of them does not belong to that group.
Q.1 a) 19
b) 17
c) 13
d) 27
e) 37

Answer: (d) Solution: In the above case, all are prime number
Q.2 a) 52
b) 39
c) 91
d) 117
e) 27

Answer: (e) Solution: In the above case, all are multiples of 13, except 27.

Q.3 a) 4
b) 36
c) 16
d) 64
e) 84

Answer: (e) Solution: In the above case, all are square of the number, except 84.

Q.4 a) 15
b) 25
c) 30
d) 35
e) 12

Answer: (e) Solution: In the above case, all are divisible by 5, except 12

Direction (Q.1 to 4) Four of the following five are alike in a certain way; form a group which one does not belong to that group.

Q.1) a) 12
b) 21
c) 51
d) 72
e) 82

Q.2) a) 24
b) 32
c) 27
d) 36
e) 15

Q.3) a) 56
b) 35
c) 49
d) 42
e) 51

Q.4) a) 343
b) 64
c) 75
d) 27
e) 216

Solutions:

1.(e) All are divisible by 3, except 82
2.(b) All are divisible by 3, except 32
3.(e) All are divisible by 7, except 51
4.(c) All are the cubes, except 75

II) Alphabet Based
In this case, all questions are based on alphabetic term. This will be classified in terms of differences in the alphabetic form.

For e.g.:
Given are five alternative but four of the following and five are alike in a certain way, hence form a group which one of them does not belong to that group.
a) BE
b) GJ
c) LO
d) QT
e) US

Answer: (e) In the above case, there are differences of three letters in between the two alphabets as per the alphabetical series in all the four options, but fifth option is different from all the four given options.
a) AD
b) EI
c) JN
d) OS
e) TX

Answer: (a) In the above case, there are differences of four letters in between the two alphabets as per the alphabetical series in all the four options, except (a)

Direction (Q.1 to 2) Four of the following five are alike in a certain way; hence form a group which one does not belong to that group.
Q.1) a) PQR   b) CDE    c) HIJ    d) KLM    e) TSU
Q.2) a) EVW  b) FUV     c) JQR  d) LOP    e) STV
Answer.1 (e): Rest in all the cases the alphabets are arranged in continuous order
Answer.2 (e): In this case, all the letter that is second and third are in a continuous order, but in the fifth option the letter are not arranged as the same is done in all the other four options.

III) General Intelligence
In this case, all questions are based on general awareness and ability. This will be classified in the differences of the object, cities, colors, etc.

Direction (Q.1 to 5) Given are five alternative but four of the following and five are alike in a certain way, hence form a group which one of them does not belong to that group.

Q.1) a)sitar  b)guitar  c)sarod  d)violin  e)flute.
Q.2) a)Jupiter  b)Mars  c)Earth  d)Uranium  e)Moon
Q.3) a)Wood   b)Table  c)Chair  d)Sofa  e)Bench
Q.4) a)Blue   b)Red   c)Yellow  d)Violet  e)Grey
Q.5) a)April   b)July  c) September  d)November   e)June

Answer:

          1.(e) In the above given question, all are musical instrument but all the four can be                       played by hand, except flute which can be played by mouth

  1. (d) All are planets, except Uranium which is a metallic substance.
  2. (a) Except Wood, all are the objects made of wood.
  3. (e) All are colors of rainbow, except grey.
  4. (b) All month are 30 days except July.

.

IV Pair Type Odd Man Out
In this case, all questions are based on the pair type as if one is related to the other. It would be by means of transport, communication etc.

For eg:
1. a) Car-Road
b) Ship-Sea
c) Aero plane-Pilot
d) Rocket-Space
e)Train-Track

Answer: (c) In the above case, all the transports are related by ways but in  Option C it is related to driving

Practice Test-1

  1. (1) Ladder (2) Staircase (3) Bridge (4) Escalator (5) Lift
  2. (1) Nephrology (2) Entomology (3) Astrology (4) Mycology (5) Pathology
  3. (1) Swimming (2) Breathing (3) Walking (4) Dancing (5) Playing
  4. (1) Arrow (2) Missile (3) Sword (4) Bullet (5) Spear
  5. (1) Biscuit (2) Chocolate (3) Cake (4) Bread (5) Pastry
  6. (1) Tortoise (2) Snail (3) Turtle (4) Spider (5) Oyster
  7. (1) Virgo (2) Pisces (3) Libra (4) Sagittarius (5) Orion
  8. (1) Japan (2) India (3) Sri Lanka (4) New Zealand (5) Malagasy
  9. (1) Producer (2) Director (3) Investor (4) Financier (5) Entrepreneur
  10. (1) Chariot (2) Car (3) Bus (4) Wagon  (5) Sledge
  11. (1) Crow  (2) Pigeon (3) Parrot (4) Butterfly (5) Peacock
  12. (1) Hepatitis (2) Tetanus (3) Cancer (4) Conjunctivitis (5) Measles
  13. (1) Fox  (2) Wolf  (3) Jackal (4) Deer (5) Panther
  14. (1) Nitrogen (2) Oxygen (3) Carbon dioxide (4) Phosphorus (5) Hydrogen
  15. (1) Man (2) Mother  (3) Sister (4) Father  (5) Brother
  16. (1) EWZQ  (2) OSLS  (3) GFKD  (4) VSPM  (5) QBTV
  17. (1) 26Z   (2) 24X  (3) 22V  (4) 20S  (5) 18R
  18. (1) BTR  (2) CTR (3) DTR (4) ETR (5) FTR
  19. (1) NOOP (2) HIIJ (3) PQQR (4) UVVX (5) XYYZ
  20. (1) TYN (2) BFD (3) MQO (4) LPN (5) QUS
  21. (1) BCD (2) HIJ (3) MNP (4) TUV  (5) WXY
  22. (1) MNO (2) CDE (3) GHI (4) PQR (5) STU
  23. (1) BEH (2) ILO  (3) NQT  (4) GHK (5) RUX
  24. (1) TAN (2) RAE (3) UCT (4) AWS  (5) YSX
  25. (1) 135 (2) 286 (3) 371  (4) 591 (5) 719

Answers: 1. (3) 2.(3) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (2) 6. (4) 7. (5) 8. (2) 9. (2) 10. (5) 11. (4) 12. (2) 13. (4) 14. (4) 15. (1) 16.(2) 17. (4) 18. (4) 19. (4) 20. (1) 21. (3) 22. (4) 23. (4) 24. (5) 25. (2)

Explanatory:

  1. All except bridge are used for up and down movement.
  2. All except Astrology are connected with biology.
  3. Breathing is the only natural action.
  4. All except sword strike the target at distance.
  5. All except chocolate are baked items.
  6. All except spider have hard protective shells.
  7. All except orion are zodiac signs, while orion is a constellation.
  8. All except India are islands, while India is a peninsula.
  9. All except director spend money.
  10. All except sledge have wheels.
  11. All except butterfly are birds, whereas butterfly is an insect.
  12. All except tetanus are diseases caused by virus, while tetanus is caused by bacteria.
  13. All except deer are flesh eating animals.
  14. All others are gases.
  15. All other words define some relationship.
  16. No letter is repeated in any other group.
  17. In all other options, the number denotes the position of the letter in the English alphabet.
  18. No other group has a vowel.
  19. All other groups contain three consecutive letters with second letter repeated twice.
  20. In all other options there are three alternate letters.
  21. In all others the letters are consecutive.
  22. All except 4 are consecutive letters which end with a vowel.
  23. In all other groups there are 2 letters in the alphabet in between the 1st and the 2nd letter and the 2nd and the 3rd letter.
  24. In all others a meaningful word can be formed by the letters.
  25. In all others the numbers are odd numbers

Direction (Q.1 to 25) Given are five alternative but four of the following and five are alike in a certain way, hence form a group which one of them does not belong to that group.

1. (1) Painting (2) Art (3) Sculpture (4) Drawing (5) Music
2. (1) Mountain (2) Plateau (3) Valley (4) Peak (5) Hill 3. (1) Dynamics (2) Mechanics (3) Electronics (4) Optics (5) Physics
4. (1) Consumer (2) Customer (3) Buyer (4) Purchaser (5) Retailer
5. (1) Jasmine (2) Coriander (3) Lotus (4) Lily (5) Rose
6. (1) Moth (2) Bee (3) Lizard (4) Cockroach (5) Aphid
7. (1) Kiwi (2) Eagle (3) Emu (4) Penguin (5) Ostrich
8. (1) Swimming (2) Diving (3) Driving (4) Sailing (5) Fishing
9. (1) Pupil (2) Iris (3) Cornea (4) Medulla (5) Retina
10. (1) Sahara (2) Thar (3) Gobi (4) Sunderbans (5) Kalahari
11. (1) Skull (2) Pelvis (3) Fibula (4) Appendix (5) Vertebra
12. (1) Cap (2) Turban (3) Helmet (4) Veil (5) Hat
13. (1) Snore (2) Slumber (3) Yawn (4) Doze (5) Dream
14. (1) Epicentre (2) Seismology (3) Focus (4) Crater (5) Ritcher scale
15. (1) Curious (2) Humour (3) Wise (4) Angry (5) Mighty
16. (1) Flat (2) Bunglow (3) House (4) Temple (5) Palace
17. (1) Sweet (2) Cold (3) Sour (4) Bitter (5) Salty
18. (1) Paper (2) Pencil (3) Eraser (4) Ink (5) Sharpener
19. (1) Cotton (2) Rice (3) Wheat (4) Gram (5) Barley.
20. (1) Cricket (2) Baseball (3) Football (4) Billiards (5) Badminton
21. (1) 17 (2) 44 (3) 21 (4) 66 (5) 19
22. (1) DFI (2) MOQ (3) BDG (4) RTW (5) IKN
23. (1) 341 (2) 679 (3) 385 (4) 495 (5) 561
24. (1) 250 (2) 150 (3) 125 (4) 116 (5) 105
25. (1) BdE (2) XpD (3) HQu (4) MkV (5) PtZ

Answers Key:
1. (5) 2. (3) 3. (5) 4. (5) 5. (2) 6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (4) 11. (4) 12. (4) 13. (3) 14. (4) 15. (5) 16. (4) 17. (2) 18. (4) 19. (1) 20. (4) 21. (3) 22. (2) 23. (2) 24. (4) 25. (3)

Explanatory Answers:

1. Except music all others can be seen where as music is to listen.
2. All except valley are elevated features.
3. All others are branches of physics.
4. All other terms refer to someone who buys something.
5. All except corriander are flowers.
6. All except lizard are insects.
7. All except eagle are flightless birds.
8. All except driving are activities performed in water.
9. All except medulla are parts of the eye, While medulla is a part of the brain.
10. All except Sunderbans are deserts while Sunderbans is a delta.
11. All except appendix are bones, while Appendix is an organ.
12. All except veil cover the head while veil covers the face.
13. All except yawn are actions in sleep.
14. All except crater are associated with earthquakes.
15. All others are related to state of mind or sense.
16. Except temple, all are places for living
17. Except cold all others refer to taste.
18. Except ink all others are solids.
19. Except (1) all are edible.
20. All except billiards are outdoor games.
21. In all other numbers we find the sum of the two digits to be an even number.
22. In all other groups the difference between the positions of the 2nd and the 3rd letters in the alphabet is 3.
23. In all other numbers the last digit is the difference between the 1st and the 2nd digits.
24. Except 116 all other numbers are divisible by 5.
25. In all other groups the middle letter is small.

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